Brief Introduction
Alex teaches interactive media design in the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore. Alex's current research investigates various aspects of computer-based art and entertainment, focusing in particular on interactive stories. This work involves creating digital and non-digital interactive storytelling systems, using these systems to develop creative works, and observing how people respond to the resulting pieces. It also involves theoretical work to understand what is happening in and around this process. Current funded project: "Understanding Repeat Engagement with Dynamic Computational Systems" (AcRF Tier 1 grant). Previous funded projects "Exploring 'Literary Devices' for Poetic Interactivity" (AcRF Tier 1 grant), "Communication Strategies in Real-time Computer-Mediated Creative Collaboration" (HSS Seed Grant, with A/P Lonce Wyse and Dr. Jude Yew), and "Authoring Paradigms and Representation in Interactive Storytelling Tools" (FASS Startup Grant).
Before joining NUS, Alex was a lecturer at the School of Interactive Digital Media, Nanyang Polytechnic, where he taught and developed projects in interactive media and games. Alex has also worked as an interaction designer at IDEO, London, and at I2R, Singapore. He has a B.Sc. and an M.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of Toronto, and recently completed his PhD at the NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, where he was attached to the Partner Technologies Research Group.
His creative work has been shown at Graphite 2004 (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore); the Creative Curating Lab (Singapore Art Show 2005); the Displacements exhibition (13 Wilkie Terrace, 2013); Passports: Through the Red Dot Into Other Worlds (Lorong 24A Shophouse Series, 2013); Seni Mini (Mi Casa Su Casa, 2014); Print Lab (Grey Projects, 2014); Interstitium (Lorong 24A Shophouse Series, 2015); 50 Obsessions (LaSalle-SIA College of the Arts, 2015); Petri #4: Repurposing Nostalgia (42 Petain Road, 2016); ID: The Body's Still Warm (42 Cambridge Road, 2018); and Climates of Change (ELO/HyperText, 2020). His fiction has been published in Dark Tales, Balik Kampung 2, and in several issues of the Twenty-Four Flavours series, a collection of flash fiction published by Math Paper Press.
Teaching Areas
2022/2023 Semester 1:
- NM3243 User Experience Design
- NMC5322 Interactive Media Marketing Techniques
Graduate Supervision
Current students
- Roe, C., "'I think they did it on purpose': Making Sense of Antimimetic Unreliability in Games", CNM MA (August 2020-present)
- Zhu, Z., "Continuation Intention In Games" CNM PhD (August 2019-present, co-supervisor)
Previous students
- Neo, T., "Entering the Panelled Universe: The Impact of Interactivity on Storytelling Devices and Techniques on Comics", CNM Doctoral Thesis (2021)
- Ang, D., "Difficulty in Video Games: Understanding the Effects of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Video Games on Player Experience", CNM Doctoral Thesis (2020)
- Kway, L.T., "It's Not The End, But Everything in Between: An Exploration of Percieved Agency and the Intertwined Fates of the Player, Playable Character and NPCs in Storygames", CNM Master's Thesis (2020)
- Sim, Y.T., "Wordless Storytelling in Games", CNM Master's Thesis (2019)
- Chew, E., "'How Can I Tell You What I Felt?' Conveying Subjective Experience in Computer-Mediated Interactive Life Stories", CNM Doctoral Thesis (2017)
- Cheong, K., Kwento: Designing a Mobile Application to Support Family Storytelling for Domestic Helpers in Singapore”, CNM Master’s Thesis (2015)
- Chiang, J., “Sweet Interactive Anticipation: Understanding the Relationship Between Anticipation and Interactivity in Interactive Art”, CNM Master's Thesis (2015)
Current Research
"Understanding Repeat Engagement with Dynamic Computational Systems" (AcRF Tier 1 grant)
Much of the motivation to reexperience creative works such as films, novels, or music assumes that although the context of the experience may have changed, the actual work being revisited is still the same. However, when returning to a work where an underlying computational system dynamically alters the surface of the work as the result of the participant’s actions, there is no guarantee that the experience, or even the work itself, will be the same as in the previous encounter. This project explores what motivates people to return to this type of work, what type of satisfaction can be gained by this repeat experience, and how the design of the formal elements of the work impact this experience.
Research Interests
- Aesthetics of rereading/replaying
- Poetic gameplay/interaction
- Collaborative storytelling and storytelling games
- Authoring tools for interactive storytelling
Publications
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS
- Mitchell, A., Kway, L., Neo, T. and Sim, Y.T., "A Preliminary Categorization of Techniques for Creating Poetic Gameplay", in Game Studies, 20 (2), 2020. Freely available online here.
- Neo, T., and Mitchell, A., "Expanding Comics Theory to Account for Interactivity: A Preliminary Study", in Studies in Comics, 10 (2), 2019, pp. 189–213. Published version (requires subscription).
- Chew, E., and Mitchell, A., "Multimodality and Interactivity in 'Natively' Digital Life Stories", in Poetics Today, 40 (3), 2019.
- Chew, E., and Mitchell, A., "Bringing Art to Life: Examining Poetic Gameplay Devices in Interactive Life Stories", Games and Culture, 2019 (online first).
- Mitchell, A., "Monstrous Weathered: Experiences from the Telling and Retelling of a Netprov", in Electronic Book Review, Feburary 2019. Freely available online here.
- Chew, E., and Mitchell, A., "How Is Empathy Evoked in Interactive Multimodal Life Stories?", in Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies, 42 (2), September 2016, p. 125-149. Freely available online here.
- Chew, E., and Mitchell, A., "The Impact of Interactivity on Truth Claims in Life Stories", in DIEGESIS, 4 (2), 2015.
- Mitchell, A. "Defamiliarization and Poetic Interaction in Kentucky Route Zero", in Well Played Journal, 3 (2), ETC Press, 2014, p. 161-178.
- Mitchell, A, "Rereading as Echo: A Close (Re)reading of Emily Short's A Family Supper", in ISSUE: Art Journal, 2013, volume 2, p. 121-129.
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., "Writing in Style: Pattern Languages and Writing Short Fiction", in Storyworlds: A Journal of Narrative Studies, 3, University of Nebraska Press, 2011, pp. 139-160. Published version (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A., "Narrative Production and Interactive Storytelling", in Refractory: a Journal of Entertainment Media, 13, 2008.
- Mitchell, A., "Blogs and Collaborative Learning", in Experiments in Pedagogy, 2, 2007.
CONFERENCE PAPERS
- Mitchell, A., and Kway, L., "“How Do I Restart This Thing?” Repeat Experience and Resistance to Closure in Rewind Storygames", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2020, Interactive Storytelling. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Tan, K., and Mitchell, A., "Dramatic Narrative Logics: Integrating Drama into Storygames with Operational Logics", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2020, Interactive Storytelling. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A., Kway, L., and Lee, B.J., "Storygameness: Understanding Repeat Experience and the Desire for Closure in Storygames", in DiGRA 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 DiGRA International Conference, 2020, Vol. 17, Tampere, Finland.
- Tan, K. and Mitchell, A., "Choose Your Permanent Adventure: Towards a Framework for Irreversible Storygames", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2019, Interactive Storytelling. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Ang, D. and Mitchell, A., "Representation and Frequency of Player Choice in Player-Oriented Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment Systems", in CHI PLAY 2019 - Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 2019. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library (requires subscription)
- Roe, C., and Mitchell, A., ""Is This Really Happening?": Game Mechanics as Unreliable Narrator", in Proceedings of DiGRA 2019: Game, Play and the Emerging Ludo-Mix, 2019, Kyoto, Japan. Freely available online here.
- Kway, L. and Mitchell, A., "Perceived Agency as Meaningful Expression of Playable Character Personality Traits in Storygames", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2018, volume 11318/2018, Interactive Storytelling, p. 137-149. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Kway, L. and Mitchell, A., "Emotional Agency in Games and Interactive Stories", in FDG '18 - Proceedings of the Foundations of Digital Games Conference 2018, 2018, Malmo, Sweden. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library (requires subscription)
- Lee, T. and Mitchell, A., "Filling in the Gaps: “Shell” Playable Characters", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2018, volume 11318/2018, Interactive Storytelling, p. 137-149. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A., "Antimimetic Rereading and Defamiliarization in Save the Date", in DiGRA '18 - Proceedings of the 2018 DiGRA International Conference, 2018, Vol. 15. Turin, Italy. Freely available online here.
- Dillman, K., Mok, T., Oehlberg, L., Tang, T., and Mitchell, A., " A Visual Interaction Cue Framework from Video Game Environments for Augmented Reality", in Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'18), 2018. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library (requires subscription)
- Sim, Y. T. and Mitchell, A., "Wordless Games: Gameplay as Narrative Technique", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2017, volume 10690/2017, Interactive Storytelling, p. 137-149. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A., Yew, J., Wyse, L., Ang, D. and Thattai, P., "The AntWriter Improvisational Writing System: Visualizing and Coordinating Upcoming Actions", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2017, volume 10690/2017, Interactive Storytelling, p. 336-340. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Ang, D. and Mitchell, A., "Comparing effects of dynamic difficulty adjustment systems on video game experience", in CHI PLAY 2017 - Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 2017, p. 317-327. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library (requires subscription)
- Mitchell, A., Sim, Y. T., and Kway, L., "Making it Unfamiliar in the Right Way: An Empirical Study of Poetic Gameplay", in DiGRA '17 - Proceedings of the 2017 DiGRA International Conference, 2017, Vol. 14. Australia. Freely available online here.
- Mitchell, A., Yew, J., Thattai, P., Loh, B., Ang, D., and Wyse, L., "The temporal window: Explicit representation of future actions in improvisational performances", in C & C 2017 - Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition, 2017, p. 28-38. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library (requires subscription)
- Neo, T. and Mitchell, A., "Beyond the Gutter: Interactivity and Closure in Interactive Comics", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2016, volume 10045/2016, Interactive Storytelling, p. 375-387. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A., "Using Theme to Author Hypertext Fiction", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2016, volume 10045/2016, Interactive Storytelling, p. 423-427. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A., "Making the Familiar Unfamiliar: Techniques for Creating Poetic Gameplay", in Proceedings of DiGRA/FDG 2016, 2016. Freely available online here.
- Mitchell, A. "Rereading and the SimCity Effect in Interactive Stories", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2015, volume 9445/2015, Interactive Storytelling, p. 27-39. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Cheong, K. and Mitchell, A., "Kwento: Using a Participatory Approach to Design a Family Storytelling Application for Domestic Helpers”, in Proceedings of INTERACT 2015.
- Mitchell, A., "The HypeDyn Procedural Hypertext Fiction Authoring Tool", in Intelligent Narrative Technologies 7: Papers from the 2014 Workshop, Milwaukee, WI. USA. June 17-18, 2014.
- Mitchell, A. and Chuah, T.L., "Telling Stories on the Go: Lessons from a Mobile Thematic Storytelling System", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013, volume 8230/2013, Interactive Storytelling: 6th International Conference, ICIDS 2013, Istanbul, Turkey, November 6-9, 2013, Proceedings, p. 83-94. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., “Reading Again for the First Time: A Model of Rereading in Interactive Stories”. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012, Interactive Storytelling: 5th International Conference, ICIDS 2012, San Sebastián, Spain, November 12-15, 2012. Proceedings, p. 202-213. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription)
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., "The Paradox of Rereading in Hypertext Fiction", in Proceedings of Hypertext 2012, Milwaukee, WI. USA. June 25-28, 2012. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library.
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., "The HypeDyn Hypertext Fiction Editor", in Proceedings of Narrative and Hypertext 2012, Workshop at Hypertext 2012, Milwaukee, WI. USA. June 25-28, 2012. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library.
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., "Supporting Rereadability Through Narrative Play", In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011, volume 7069/2011, Interactive Storytelling: Fourth International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, November 28 – 1 December, 2011. Proceedings, p. 67-78. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., "Rereading in Interactive Stories: Constraints on Agency and Procedural Variation", In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011, volume 7069/2011, Interactive Storytelling: Fourth International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, November 28 – 1 December, 2011. Proceedings, p. 37-42. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., "Limits of Rereadability in Procedural Interactive Stories", Proceedings of CHI 2011, Vancouver, Canada, May 2011, pp. 1939-1948. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library.
- Mitchell, A., "Motivations for Rereading in Interactive Stories: A Preliminary Investigation", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010, volume 6432/2010, Interactive Storytelling: Third Joint Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2010, Edinburgh, UK, November 1-3, 2010. Proceedings, p. 232-235. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., "Designing Storytelling Games That Encourage Narrative Play", in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009, volume 5915/2009, Interactive Storytelling: Second Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2009, Guimarães, Portugal, December 9-11, 2009. Proceedings, p. 98-108. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (requires subscription).
- Mitchell, A. and Montfort, N., "Shaping Stories and Building Worlds on Interactive Fiction Platforms", in Proceedings of Digital Art and Culture 2009, University of California Irvine, December 2009.
- Mitchell, A. and McGee, K., "Designing Hypertext tools to facilitate authoring multiple points-of-view stories", in ACM Hypertext 2009, Torin, Italy, 2009. The original publication is available in the ACM Digital Library.
- Das, T., Singh, G., Mitchell, A., Kumar, P.S., and McGee, K. "NetEffect: A Network Architecture for Large-Scale Multi-User Virtual Worlds", in Proceedings of VRST'97, ACM Press, New York, 1997, pp. 157-163.
- Posner, I.R., Baecker, R.M., and Mitchell, A. "Evaluating Real Users, Using Real Software, Performing Real Tasks, in Real Contexts", in Proceedings of HCI International '97, Elsevier, 1997, pp. 597-600.
- Das, T., Singh, G., Mitchell, A., Kumar, P.S., and McGee, K. "Developing Social Virtual Worlds using NetEffect", in Proceedings of WETICE'97, IEEE Computer Society Press, California, 1997, pp.148-154.
- Mitchell, A., Posner, I.R., and Baecker, R.M., "Learning to Write Together Using Groupware", in Proceedings of CHI '95, Denver, Colorado, May 1995, pp. 288-295.
CHAPTERS IN BOOKS
- Mitchell, A., "Encouraging and Rewarding Repeat Experience of Storygames", in The Digital Gaming Handbook, ed. Roberto Dillon. CRC Press, 2020. 20 pp.
- Chew, E., and Mitchell, A., "'As Only a Game Can': Re-creating Subjective Lived Experiences through Interactivity in Non-Fictional Video Games", in Subjectivity across Media Interdisciplinary and Transmedial Perspectives, ed. Maike Sarah Reinerth and Jan-Noel Thon. Routledge, 2016. 19 pp.
- Cheong, K., and Mitchell, A. "Helping the helpers: Understanding family storytelling for domestic helpers in Singapore", in Mobile Communication and the Family - Asian Experiences in Technology Domestication, ed. Sun Sun Lim. Springer, 2015.
- Posner, I.R., Mitchell, A., and Baecker, R.M.,"Learning to Write Together", in Groupware and Authoring, Rada, R. (ed.), Academic Press, 1996, pp. 161-185.
THESES/DISSERTATIONS
- Mitchell, A. Reading Again for the First Time: Rereading for Closure in Interactive Stories, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2012.
- Mitchell, A. Communication and Shared Understanding in Collaborative Writing, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 1996.
VIDEOS
- Baecker, R.M., Glass, G., Mitchell, A., and Posner, I.R., "SASSE: the Collaborative Editor", 8 minute refereed video tape presented at CHI '94; also published in SIGGRAPH Video Review 97, 1994.
Other Information
Group Exhibitions
- "Monstrous Weathered", Climates of Change: A Virtual Exhibition, part of the "Fall for the Book Festival", online (19 October 2020)
- "Monstrous Weathered", Climates of Change: A Virtual Exhibition, at ELO 2020/HyperText 2020, online (13-15 July 2020)
- "'Don’t don’t don’t don’t don’t... call me call me baby' (reach out and touch someone)", ID: The Body's Still Warm, 42 Cambridge Road, Singapore (October 2018).
- "Re-collection", Petri #4: Repurposing Nostalgia, 42 Petain Road, Singapore (January 2016).
- "Surrender", 50 Obsessions, LaSalle-SIA College of the Art, Singapore (December 2015).
- "This Place Meant", Interstitium, Lorong 24A Shophouse Series, Singapore (March 2015).
- "This Place Meant", Print Lab at Singapore Art Book Fair, Grey Projects, Singapore (November 2014).
- "This Place Meant", Print Lab, Grey Projects, Singapore (May-June 2014).
- "Confinement", Seni Mini, Mi Casa Su Casa, Singapore (April 2014).
- "Listen to the Story II", Passports: Through the Red Dot Into Other Worlds, Lorong 24A Shophouse Series, Singapore (August 2013).
- "Listen to the Story" (with Karen Mitchell), The Displaced, Arts House, Singapore (July 2013).
- "No Due Date" (with Karen Mitchell), Displacements, 13 Wilkie Terrace, Singapore (June 2013).
- "Passages" (with Ng Wen Lei and Patricia Lim), Singapore Art Show 2005, Citilink TickleArt showcase, Singapore (October 2005).
- "PixelTouch" (with Ng Wen Lei and Lee Wee Na), Graphite 2004 Digital Art Show, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (June 2004).
Published Fiction
- "Fascination", in Twenty-Four Flavours: Chicken Rice, Math Paper Press, Singapore, 2014.
- "This Favour Cannot Be Returned", in Twenty-Four Flavours: Duck and Salted Vegetable Soup, Math Paper Press, Singapore, 2014.
- This Place Meant: Stories from 13 Wilkie Terrace, self-published book, Singapore, 2014.
- "Forgotten", in Balik Kampung 2A: People and Places, Math Paper Press, Singapore, 2013.
- "Enclosure", in Twenty-Four Flavours: Dolphin Meat, Math Paper Press, Singapore, 2013.
- "Century Egg", in Twenty-Four Flavours: Century Egg, Math Paper Press, Singapore, 2013.
- "Kaiten", in Twenty-Four Flavours: Sushi, Math Paper Press, Singapore, 2013.
- "The Pillowcase", in Dark Tales, National Library Board, Singapore, 2013.